![]() Prior to the exercise training, the transcriptome profile showed a dramatic enrichment of genes associated with mitochondrial function with age. As a consequence of age, we found 596 genes differentially expressed using a false discovery rate cut-off of 5%. Before exercise training, older adults were 59% weaker than younger, but after six months of training in older adults, strength improved significantly (P<0.001) such that they were only 38% lower than young adults. 14 of the older adults had muscle samples taken before and after a six-month resistance exercise-training program. Skeletal muscle biopsies from healthy older (Nā=ā25) and younger (Nā=ā26) adult men and women were compared using gene expression profiling, and a subset of these were related to measurements of muscle strength. We evaluated whether healthy aging was associated with a transcriptional profile reflecting mitochondrial impairment and whether resistance exercise could reverse this signature to that approximating a younger physiological age. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction is a major contributor to sarcopenia. Human aging is associated with skeletal muscle atrophy and functional impairment (sarcopenia).
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